Literary Insights

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Here is a summary of the key points from the dedication and introduction:

The dedication is to the author’s patients, stating that everything in the book comes from either learning from them or discovering through working with them on their health journeys.
The introduction sets up that commonly held beliefs about diet and health are wrong and will be challenged. It previews that lectins found in many plants are actually making people sick and overweight.
There have been large increases since the 1960s in diseases like obesity, diabetes, autoimmune diseases, etc. with changes to diet and personal care products.
Lectins are found in most plants and foods and act as toxins to protect plants from insects/animals, but can also harm humans.
The book title “The Plant Paradox” refers to how many regarded “health foods” are actually to blame for illnesses. Small amounts of some plants are okay but large amounts are bad.
The author provides his medical background as a cardiothoracic surgeon, researcher, and founder of a medical center focusing on diet-based disease reversal after changing his own health through diet.
The author is an experienced heart surgeon, cardiologist and immunologist who has done research and published papers on topics like how food availability influenced human evolution.
Through working with patients on a diet to reverse health issues like heart disease and diabetes, the author noticed improvements in other areas like arthritis, mood, and bowel issues. Patients also lost weight easily.
Further research led the author to discover that many patients were “at war with themselves” due to common “disruptors” like chemicals in modern food/farming and overuse of antibiotics and NSAIDs.
The author’s program, called the Plant Paradox Program, involves eating certain vegetables and limiting or avoiding grains, legumes, nightshade vegetables and refined oils. It also recommends lifestyle changes like reducing certain drugs.
Followers of the program see health improvements quickly and reversals of diseases. The author explains that plants contain defenses against being eaten that can sometimes harm humans, despite plants also providing nutrition. The program aims to resolve this “plant paradox.”
Plants have evolved various defensive strategies to protect themselves and their offspring from being eaten by predators like insects and animals, including humans. These strategies include physical defenses like spines, unpleasant textures, sticky resins, as well as chemical defenses like toxins and poisons.
Many plant seeds have hard protective coatings that allow them to pass through an animal’s digestive system unharmed and be dispersed through defecation. Fruit trees rely on animals eating their seeds to spread them farther from the parent plant.
Plants use color cues like green (unripe) vs red/yellow (ripe) to signal predators when their seeds are ready to be eaten and dispersed. Ripe fruit contains fructose which does not trigger the same feeling of fullness as glucose, encouraging continued eating and seed dispersal.
While color cues originally signaled actual ripeness and seed maturity, modern industrialized fruit production has disrupted these cues, allowing unripe, imported fruit to be sold year-round. This has health consequences for human predators accustomed to seasonal fruit availability.
In response to insect predators initially, plants evolved lectins and other compounds that can paralyze or poison predators. While not usually lethal to humans, these compounds may have long term health impacts, as evidenced by some individuals being especially sensitive “canary patients” of the author.
The mango was likely grown in Chile or another Southern Hemisphere country and picked slightly unripe. When it arrived at its destination, it was exposed to ethylene oxide to change the color to appear ripe.
However, the lectin content remained high because the fruit was picked before fully ripening. When fruit ripens naturally on the plant, the plant reduces lectins to protect the seeds as the fruit changes color.
Artificially gassing the fruit changes the color without allowing full maturation, so the protective lectin system is still engaged and lectin levels remain high.
Eating fruit picked too early with high lectins can be detrimental to health. Locally grown, in-season produce is preferable as it is more likely to be ripe when picked and less likely to be gassed.
Europeans may be generally healthier due to eating more locally grown, naturally ripened produce with lower lectin content compared to those in other parts of the world consuming more out-of-season imported produce.
Ancient humans developed strategies to deal with potentially harmful lectins in plants, but modern humans often lack this sophistication and will take drugs to counter sickness from lectins instead of avoiding lectins.
Farm animals like cows are also fed unnatural diets of corn and soy that contain harmful lectins, causing them stomach issues like heartburn that farmers then treat with medications like Tums.
Humans eat animal products from these industrially farmed animals, ingesting the lectins from the grains and soybeans in the animals’ diets. Organic and free-range labels don’t necessarily mean no lectins, as these animals may still eat corn and soy.
Humans have developed defense mechanisms against plant lectins, including mucus barriers, stomach acid, gut bacteria that break down lectins, and intestinal mucus layers. But large amounts of lectins can overwhelm these defenses.

So in summary, the passage discusses how modern diets expose both humans and farm animals to harmful plant lectins, but humans have natural defenses against them if not overwhelmed by large lectin intake.

The passage introduces the three tactics that lectins use in their “attack strategy” against the human body:

Get through the gut wall by prying apart the tight junctions between intestinal cells. This allows lectins to enter the bloodstream where they don’t belong.
Use “molecular mimicry” to confuse the immune system by mimicking other proteins in the body. This causes the immune system to mistakenly attack the body’s own tissues.
Disrupt cellular communication by either mimicking or blocking hormonal signals. Certain lectins resemble insulin and can interfere with insulin function and regulation of metabolism.

Lectins are able to employ these tactics because modern lifestyles and diets have compromised the body’s defenses compared to ancestral times. Cooking foods partially breaks down lectins, but modern consumption habits negate this benefit.
The passage sets up that lectins from many “healthy foods” are actually underlying various chronic diseases like heart disease, diabetes, autoimmune conditions, etc. Understanding lectins is key to resolving these issues.
Cooking allowed early humans to access more calories and nutrients from plants by breaking down cell walls and compounds. This freed up energy for brain development.
For 90,000 years after cooking, humans thrived on animals, tubers, and tall stature. But the last Ice Age ended this period.
Agriculture 10,000 years ago introduced entirely new lectins from grains and legumes. Our guts had never encountered these before and were ill-prepared.
Grains allowed civilization but revealed health issues like obesity and dental problems in ancient Egyptians.
2,000 years ago a cow mutation led to casein A-1 milk containing a lectin-like protein. This may be a primary cause of type 1 diabetes.
Four major dietary changes disrupted the balance between humans and plants: agriculture, the cow mutation, industrialization, and high-carb diets. Each introduced newlectins we had not evolved to handle well.
The passage discusses the history of human exposure and adaptation to different lectins (plant compounds) over time. It focuses on four major disruptions: domestication of grains 10,000 years ago, the Columbian Exchange 500 years ago when Europeans were exposed to New World foods, post-WWII innovations like processed foods and GM crops in the last 50-60 years, and contemporary chemical exposures.
These successive introductions of new lectins happened very rapidly in evolutionary terms, too fast for humans and their gut microbiomes to properly adapt. Combined with modern agricultural practices, antibiotics, and chemical exposures, this has overwhelmed our ability to tolerate many lectin-containing foods.
Contrary to dietary guidelines, the author argues that many commonly promoted “healthy foods” like grains, legumes and soy are actually the cause of multiple diseases like autoimmunity, diabetes and heart disease based on evidence from their clinical practice. Removing these foods results in significant health improvements for patients.
The passage concludes with a success story about a woman with severe rheumatoid arthritis who was able to go into remission and have a second child by adopting the author’s lectin-avoidance diet, showing its potential medical benefits.
A woman had rheumatoid arthritis that caused severe pain. She went on Dr. Gundry’s Plant Paradox Program, which removed lectins from her diet. This included stopping medications and using natural anti-inflammatories like boswellia and fish oil.
Over about a year, her arthritis pain and inflammation levels decreased significantly. She was able to play with her son without pain.
A year in, Dr. Gundry approved her trying to get pregnant since her markers had improved. She was already 4 weeks pregnant at that appointment.
She later gave birth to a healthy baby girl and did not have an arthritis flare-up postpartum like the first time, showing the diet helped her condition.
Her husband and mother also joined the program. Her husband’s chronic sinus issues disappeared. Her mother’s diabetes, high cholesterol, and arthritis went away and she lost 30 pounds by changing her diet.
Their issues were linked to lectin sensitivity, and removing lectins from their diets through Dr. Gundry’s program helped resolve them.
Traditionally, Asian populations were not plagued by obesity, heart disease, diabetes, etc. that are common in the US. The author argues this is because they did not consume wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) found in wheat.
The rise of the whole grain movement has reintroduced WGA and other lectins back into the diet, which the author says is damaging to health. Asian diets focused on white/refined grains and pastas.
The French paradox of French people eating baguettes, butter, wine without health issues is explained by their avoiding WGA by eating white flour products.
Glucosamine relieves joint pain caused by WGA by binding to it and eliminating inflammation before it enters the body. Avoiding wheat is a better long term solution than NSAIDs.
Modern produce contains more lectins than heirloom varieties due to hybridization and genetic engineering to increase pest/disease resistance. Even organic still contains natural lectins.
Lectins can be both beneficial and harmful depending on dosage due to the concept of hormesis - low doses provide protection while high doses are toxic. Variety in diet is important.
Gluten is a minor player compared to lectins overall in impacts on health from wheat consumption. Lectins like WGA are the primary culprit.
The author observed common patterns of health issues in their patients and their spouses/partners, including hypothyroidism, arthritis, acid reflux, osteoporosis, bowel issues, and depression. These “healthy” spouses were often on numerous medications.
The patients’ diets consisted of “healthy” foods like whole grains, but they still had health problems and needed medications. Changing their diets to one modified from the author’s past book saw their bodies begin healing naturally.
More patients with similar issues came to see the author, including overweight/obese women who had tried many diets unsuccessfully. They too saw health improvements on the author’s dietary plan.
Patients with autoimmune diseases, cancer, and other immune or inflammatory conditions displayed matching patterns and many experienced positive results following the author’s food guidelines.
Through this process over decades of practice, the author came to identify lectins as a primary cause of many common health problems and patterns seen in patients. Changing diets to reduce lectin exposure allowed the body to naturally heal itself in many cases.
The author observed a patient named Tony who had vitiligo, a skin condition that causes loss of pigmentation. Tony followed the author’s dietary principles, which involved cutting out grains, starches, beans, legumes, and limiting fruit.
Tony’s vitiligo improved dramatically after starting the diet. His skin pigmentation returned. This was a startling observation for the author.
The author hypothesized that something in Tony’s previous diet was causing inflammation that led to his immune system attacking his melanocytes (pigment-producing cells). Melanocytes resemble lectins, plant proteins that can trigger immune responses.
Through his research on transplantation, the author realized lectins can cause “molecular mimicry”, where the immune system attacks cells that resemble foreign substances like lectins.
The author concluded that lectins in Tony’s previous diet were likely causing inflammation and immune attack on his melanocytes through molecular mimicry. By eliminating lectins through the diet, the inflammation was removed and Tony’s body could heal itself.
This was the author’s “eureka moment” where he realized very small things like lectins can trigger large health problems, and that removing their root cause allows the body to naturally heal. It led him to focus on identifying and removing the root causes of inflammation and conditions.
The body’s immune system relies on pattern recognition to detect foreign threats like viruses and bacteria. It has scanners called toll-like receptors (TLRs) that identify patterns on invaders.
When exposed to a pathogen’s proteins through infection or vaccination, the immune system “reads” the protein patterns and creates scanners to recognize those patterns in the future. This allows for a quick response if the same pathogen enters the body again.
However, some plant proteins called lectins can mimic the patterns of harmful bacteria. This tricks the TLR scanners into launching inflammatory attacks even when no real pathogen is present.
Over time, repeated mistaken attacks due to lectin mimicking can damage tissues and organs, leading to autoimmune diseases. Rheumatic fever and heart valve damage is one example caused by mistaking strep bacteria patterns for heart valve patterns.
Lectins are essentially “molecular impersonators” that hijack and confuse the immune system’s pattern recognition abilities for the plant’s own survival benefits, even if it harms the plant consumer. This helps explain many modern chronic health problems.
The man followed the foods recommended by his faith, which caused diabetes, heart disease and kidney failure. When his health issues came up, the doctor told him healthy eating was not working for him.
The doctor put the man on the Plant Paradox Program diet. His health improved, but would decline again every 3 months during religious festivals where he was obliged to eat unhealthy foods.
After 2 years of this pattern, the doctor convinced the man to tell his followers that to please him as their god, they must all eat a healthy diet like the Plant Paradox Program.
Following this, the man’s health issues like diabetes, heart problems and kidney failure resolved without medication. His ayurvedic doctor also adopted the diet and saw benefits.
Each person has the power to heal themselves from within by removing external factors preventing natural healing, like an unhealthy diet. The man was able to heal himself once he changed his diet as his godly authority figure recommended.
The GI tract houses trillions of microbes (holobiome) that help digest food and support immune function. These microbes reside chiefly in the large intestine for humans.
The GI tract lining acts as a barrier between these microbes and the internal body. It only allows nutrients in single molecule form to pass through for absorption.
This gut barrier is only one cell thick and has the challenging job of selectively allowing nutrients in while keeping microbes and other molecules out. A breach of this barrier can cause health issues.
A healthy gut barrier is crucial to keep the microbes “outside” the body where they belong, similar to containment around a nuclear reactor. Daily breaches of this barrier are thought to contribute to common health problems.
Babies acquire their initial gut microbes from their mother, especially during birth through the vaginal canal. This transfer is important for immune system development. C-sections can delay development of a healthy microbiome.
Lectins from foods like grains and beans have been shown to damage the gut barrier, leading to issues like arthritis and celiac disease when they enter the body. A strict plant-based diet high in these foods may not adequately address this issue.
Lectins and LPS (lipopolysaccharides from bacteria cell walls) are normally prevented from breaching the intestinal wall by tight junctions between intestinal cells and a protective mucus layer produced by beneficial bacteria.
However, long-term use of NSAID pain relievers like ibuprofen or aspirin damage the intestinal lining, allowing gaps in the barrier. This allows lectins, LPS, and living bacteria to cross into the body.
When these foreign substances enter the body, it triggers an immune response and inflammation. This prompts further NSAID use, creating a cycle. Antibiotics and acid reducers can also damage the intestinal lining.
Increased intestinal permeability, known as “leaky gut,” is thought to underlie all disease according to the author. Whole grains also make permeability worse due to their lectins.
The author believes that intestinal permeability allows proteins and bacteria to enter the body and trigger autoimmune conditions like Crohn’s disease, arthritis, thyroid disorders, and more. Fixing the intestinal barrier is key to treatment and prevention.
The passage discusses the relationship between gut health and autoimmune diseases. It argues that all autoimmune diseases start in the gut and can be cured by healing the gut.
Factors like NSAIDs, antibiotics, acid blockers, and Roundup damage the gut wall, compromising the mucous barrier and allowing lectins to enter the body. This prompts an immune response through molecular mimicry.
Over time, this “leaky gut” causes damage to the absorptive layer of the intestines, making it difficult to absorb nutrients. This damage is often silent in the early stages.
The gut contains more neurons than the spinal cord and communicates with the brain via the vagus nerve. Dysbiosis or an imbalance of gut bacteria can disrupt this communication.
Maintaining a healthy balance of gut bacteria is important for health, but many modern lifestyle and environmental factors have disrupted this balance over time.
A success story is provided about treating a 13-year-old boy with Crohn’s disease and emaciation by changing his diet to eliminate lectins and rebuild gut health.
Michael was a young boy who suffered from bloody diarrhea and cramps due to inflammatory bowel disease. His doctor put him on a treatment plan of high-dose vitamin D3, prebiotics, probiotics, and gradually tapering immunosuppressant drugs.
Within three months, Michael’s symptoms were gone and he started gaining weight. He was able to join his high school wrestling team. By the time he graduated high school, he was off all immunosuppressant drugs.
Years later, his father brought the local paper to the doctor’s office, which featured Michael as the winner of the state wrestling championship. He had gone from nearly wasting away to becoming a champion athlete. He was now healthy and attending college on a sports scholarship.

Michael’s story shows how addressing the gut microbiome through diet and supplements, along with reducing medications over time, can lead to long-term remission of inflammatory bowel disease symptoms and restoration of health. Determined treatment and lifestyle changes can help overcome serious gut issues.

Broad-spectrum antibiotics like Levaquin and Ciprofloxacin kill many gut bacteria when taken, and it can take years for the gut microbiome to recover. This disruption is linked to increased risks of diseases like Crohn’s disease, diabetes, obesity and asthma later in life.
Antibiotics are also commonly used in meat and poultry production which ends up in our food supply. This overuse contributes to antimicrobial resistance.
NSAIDs like ibuprofen, naproxen, Celebrex and Mobic damage the intestinal lining, allowing harmful substances to leak into the body and cause inflammation. This starts a vicious cycle of more pain leading to more NSAID use.
Both overuse of antibiotics and NSAIDs can disrupt the gut microbiome and intestinal barrier in ways that promote inflammation and weight gain over time. Specific cases are given as examples to illustrate how changing diet and addressing gut health issues can help resolve related health problems.
Emily was experiencing Raynaud’s syndrome, a condition where her hands and feet turn blue in cold weather due to reduced blood flow. This was exacerbating her ability to write and forcing her to leave college.
She came to Palm Springs to get relief from the warm climate but did not improve. She sought help from a yoga master and massage therapist who referred her to the author.
When examined, Emily’s hands and feet were cold and blue. After learning her medical history, the author determined her gut barrier had been damaged by NSAIDs prescribed by an orthopedist, allowing toxins like LPS and lectins to enter her system.
Bloodwork confirmed low vitamin D levels despite supplementation. The author put Emily on the Plant Paradox Program diet, probiotics, prebiotics, and increased her vitamin D levels.
Within two weeks her extremities started changing color back to normal. After six weeks they had fully returned to normal. Emily resumed her studies in Colorado healed of her condition.

The passage discusses the problems with artificial and non-caloric sweeteners like saccharin, aspartame, sucralose, etc. It says that while they are calorie-free, the brain still registers them as sweetness and expects calories that don’t arrive, making you want more sweet foods. Long-term consumption is linked to weight gain rather than weight loss.

It also talks about how sweet tastes disrupt the body’s natural circadian rhythms related to seasonal food availability. In the past, sweets correlated to fruit seasons, but now are available year-round, interfering with ancient weight regulation systems.

The passage warns against various endocrine disrupting chemicals found in plastics, cosmetics, preservatives, pesticides and other products. These disrupt hormone function and are linked to obesity, diabetes, reproductive issues, cancers and other problems. It provides examples of problematic chemicals like BPA, parabens, triclosan and others.

It also notes that these chemicals combined with other factors can lower vitamin D levels, impacting health. In summary, it cautions against artificial sweeteners and chemical exposures due to their obesogenic and endocrine disrupting effects.

Phthalates are commonly used as plasticizers to soften plastics. They are found in many household items like wall coverings, flooring, food packaging, personal care products, and toys. Phthalates act as endocrine disruptors and studies have linked them to issues like sperm damage, premature breast development, and preterm birth.

Common sources of phthalate exposure are foods containing plastic packaging like meats, cheeses, grains, and dairy. Phthalates are nearly impossible to avoid due to their ubiquitous presence.

Other endocrine disrupting chemicals found in foods include arsenic (in chicken), which is linked to issues like smaller penis size in boys. Azodicarbonamide, used as a bleaching agent in many processed foods, is banned in some countries due to health effects. Non-food sources of disruption include Teflon, BPA plastics, thermal receipts, parabens in cosmetics, triclosan in antibacterial products, and glyphosate and 2,4-D herbicides used in agriculture. Avoiding these chemicals requires identifying replacements for many common consumer products. Genetically modified foods are also a concern due to herbicide exposure.

GMO crops are engineered to withstand being sprayed with the herbicide Roundup. This allows farmers to spray it to kill weeds while leaving the GMO plant protected.
Short-term studies said Roundup was safe for humans since we lack the plant pathway it targets, but it may cause inflammation and gut issues.
Industrial farmers now spray Roundup on non-GMO crops too, to dry them out and speed up harvesting. Trace amounts remain on crops.
Glyphosate in Roundup disrupts the shikimate pathway in gut bacteria, blocking production of essential amino acids. This can cause gluten sensitivity, raise cholesterol, damage gut wall.
Testing found glyphosate in 93% of human urine samples, with highest levels in children in western/midwestern US. The US lags other countries in addressing glyphosate risks.
GMO promises of increased yields and reduced herbicide use have not materialized according to data. Herbicide usage has actually increased in the US.

So in summary, the widespread spraying of the herbicide Roundup, including on non-GMO crops, is concerning due to its effects on gut health, amino acid production, and links to health issues like cancer and gluten sensitivity. Testing suggests most people are exposed to glyphosate, calling its safety into question.

Here is a summary of the key points from the passage:

Constant exposure to blue light from electronics disrupts circadian rhythms and tricks the body into thinking it’s perpetually summer, prompting constant fat storage.
Blue light at night suppresses melatonin and stimulates hormones like cortisol and ghrelin that promote wakefulness and hunger.
Ways to minimize blue light exposure include using apps/settings to filter blue light from screens at night, wearing amber-tinted glasses, and using blue-blocking light bulbs.
The seven disruptors interact with lectins to cause metabolic dysfunction like insulin/leptin resistance, forcing the body to store fat for immune system fuels.
Being overweight is often not due to personal failings but the types of foods eaten and nutrients absorbed due to gut microbe imbalances.
Usher lost weight quickly on the Plant Paradox program after failing other diets, allowing him to take the role playing Sugar Ray Leonard in a movie. Following the food guidelines provided rapid weight loss success.
The author introduces the Plant Paradox program, which aims to end the “war within your body” by removing certain lectin-containing foods and products. This allows the body’s natural weight and health to emerge.
He provides a success story of an elderly sculptor who was crippled by arthritis but found relief on the program, allowing him to sculpt again.
Research shows ancient humans were taller and had larger brains than modern humans, suggesting diet has impacted human evolution and health negatively since the agricultural revolution introduced grains/legumes.
Conventional diets and exercise fail because they don’t address the underlying issues caused by certain foods and products. Exercise alone does not help weight loss and many find it difficult.
The author’s research evolved from a low-carb stance after considering the healthy Kitavan people, who get most calories from carbs and coconut oil. This spurred him to re-examine cultural drivers of food selection.

The key message is the Plant Paradox program aims to remedy the “war within” the body by removing certain problematic lectin-containing foods and products, allowing natural weight and health to emerge without dieting or difficult exercise routines.

The Kitavans consume a large number of calories but remain very skinny, contradicting the idea that “calories in equals calories out.” Their biology seems to work differently.
Grains, beans and milk were traditionally thought to have been adopted by early humans because they could be stored. However, the author proposes another “hidden” reason - that these foods uniquely promote increased fat storage from any given calorie intake, relative to other foods.
The most successful animals evolutionarily are those that can obtain and store the most calories with the least effort. Grains, beans and milk may have been adopted because they turbocharged fat storage.
Several cases of patients successfully losing weight, reversing diabetes and reducing inflammation by following the author’s plant paradox program are described.
Grains and beans are shown to effectively promote weight gain in livestock. Historically they were used to fatten pigs and cattle. The same occurs in humans.
The composition of grains, beans and dairy products encourages fat storage and inflammation through mimicking insulin and other hormonal effects.
Intestinal microbes influence weight regulation, as shown by rodent studies transferring the gut microbiome of obese vs lean subjects. Antibiotics and imbalanced diets can disrupt the microbiome with health effects.
Lectins from grains and beans can mimic insulin and bind to insulin receptors on cells. This disrupts normal insulin signaling.
In fat cells, lectins like WGA instruct the cells to continually make and store fat, promoting weight gain.
In muscle cells, lectins block insulin receptors, preventing glucose from entering the cells. This “shunts” glucose to fat cells for storage instead of being used by muscles.
In neurons and brain cells, lectins similarly block insulin receptors, starving the brain of glucose. This causes hunger signals to be sent, promoting more eating.
Overall, lectin consumption causes insulin and leptin resistance. Calories are stored as fat rather than used by muscles and brain. This was an advantage for early humans during food scarcity but promotes weight gain and disease today.
Lectins and LPS cause inflammation by activating the immune system, similar to an attack. Calories are then conserved and appetite increased to fuel the “war effort” against these invaders.
Fat deposited in the gut and around arteries indicateswhere inflammatory “wars” are being waged within the body.
Following a lectin-avoiding diet can help reverse diseases and blockages, avoiding the need for medical interventions like surgery in some cases.
The passage discusses why different popular diets like low-carb, high-protein (Atkins, Paleo) and low-fat, high-carb (Ornish, Esselstyn) seem to work, at least temporarily, despite being very different.
It argues that any positive effects are due to eliminating most lectin-containing foods, not the carbohydrate or fat content itself. Low-carb diets eliminate grains and legumes which reduce lectin load.
While people may lose weight, these diets don’t always halt disease progression like coronary artery disease.
Low-fat diets remove lectin-containing fats like soy and promote less gut inflammation. But they are difficult to follow long-term.
Whole grains in low-fat diets contain lectins but passing intact grains reduces releases. Organic grains also have fewer herbicide impacts.
The passage draws parallels to elephants developing heart disease from grazing on grasslands with grains, due to lectins they are not adapted for.

So in summary, the key point is that diverse popular diets seem to work not because of macros, but because they reduce dietary lectins, even if unintentionally. This has implications for long-term health effects.

Most mammals have a sugar molecule called Neu5Gc lining their guts and blood vessels, but humans lost the ability to make this and instead produce Neu5Ac, shared with shellfish, chickens and elephants.
Lectins found in grains bind strongly to Neu5Ac but not Neu5Gc. This explains why chimps on a human grain diet don’t get heart disease like elephants do - chimps lack the binding sugar.
Eating red meat introduces the foreign Neu5Gc sugar, triggering an immune reaction that damages our own Neu5Ac-lined arteries and promotes heart disease and cancer. This is less of an issue for fish and shellfish eaters.
Resistant starches from foods like yams and plantains pass through the small intestine undigested, fueling beneficial gut microbes instead of spiking blood sugar. This helps control weight and reduces inflammation.
Gorillas and Kitavans get most of their calories from fat despite “fat-free” plant-based diets, because gut microbes break down cell walls and ferment carbohydrates into usable fats.
Other long-lived populations like Okinawans, Cretans and Sardinians also demonstrate health and longevity on traditional plant-based diets.
The passage discusses several long-lived societies including Okinawans, Kitavans, Cretans, Sardinians, and Seventh-day Adventists from Loma Linda, California.
Despite differences in their diets (which include various starches, high fat/olive oil, or vegetarianism), they share a common feature of getting most of their calories from non-protein sources. Even high carb diets get converted to fat through gut bacteria.
The minimal intake of animal protein seems to be a key factor in their longevity.
Later sections discuss how changes to the American agricultural system and diet since the 1960s correlate with rising childhood obesity rates. Specifically, increased consumption of pizza and chicken from the 1970s onward perfectly matched higher BMI in children.
Pizza and chicken are highlighted as “lectin bombs” due to their wheat, dairy, tomato, and meat/soy/corn ingredients - and are implicated as major contributors to weight gain when consumed regularly.

So in summary, the passage finds a minimal intake of animal protein and avoidance of lectin-heavy foods like pizza and chicken may contribute to the longevity of certain diets and societies.

Fruit is high in fructose sugar and can deliver the same message to genes and brain as candy, telling them to store fat. Only green unripe bananas, mangoes and papayas are okay, as well as avocados.
Rule 4 is that you are what the food you eat ate. Eating meat and dairy means eating what those animals (usually corn and soy) ate.
Corn is ubiquitous in the standard American diet, especially processed foods. 93% of burgers contained carbon from corn, indicating the meat came from corn-fed animals. 69% of typical Americans’ hair contained carbon from corn.
Most field corn is genetically modified Bt corn containing a toxic lectin gene. This lectin is found in breast milk and causes health issues.
Chickens fed corn develop osteopenia/osteoporosis due to its effects on bones. Antibiotic resistant bacteria is also an issue with industrially raised meat.
Meat, eggs, dairy and chicken can contain aflatoxins, toxic mold/fungal byproducts that grow on corn, wheat and soybeans linked to health problems.
The gut microbiome plays an important role in health. The program aims to starve bad bacteria and encourage good bacteria by limiting lectins and feeding the good bugs. This can lead to craving healthier foods.
The gut microbiome plays an important role in controlling appetite and cravings. A healthy balance of gut bacteria will curb hunger and cravings.
High-protein and high-fat diets that are heavy in red meat cause inflammation in the gut and brain, fueling constant hunger.
The Plant Paradox Program aims to feed good gut bacteria through the consumption of certain vegetables, roots, nuts and oils while limiting lectins, grains, sugars and most animal proteins.
It outlines a 3-phase approach including an initial 3-day cleanse to repair the gut (Phase 1), a 2-week period eliminating problematic foods (Phase 2), and an optional Phase 3 with further reduction of animal proteins.
Pressure cooking can deactivate the lectins in beans and some grains, making them safer for vegetarians/vegans to consume on the program.
The program recommends limiting total animal protein intake to 8oz per day, primarily from wild-caught fish and pastured eggs/meat, to avoid the negative effects of overconsumption.

Here is a summary of the provided text:

The passage discusses various common excuses people have for not following the Plant Paradox Program diet, and provides success stories to counter each excuse.

The first excuse addressed is that one is already slim and fit. A story is told of a cyclist who seemed in great shape but had underlying health issues that were addressed through following the diet.

The second excuse is worrying the diet requires too much understanding. Success stories include people with intellectual disabilities seeing benefits from simply following the food lists.

The third excuse is thinking one is too old to change habits. A story highlights a woman who made changes at age 85 and has since greatly improved her health and lost weight.

Overall the passage aims to inspire readers to overcome doubts and try making the recommended dietary changes, arguing it’s never too late to improve one’s health through diet.

Here is a summary of the cleanse phase of the Plant Paradox Program:

It is a 3-day cleanse or modified fast that aims to change the types of bacteria in the gut and prepare the “soil” for healthy gut bacteria.
During the cleanse, foods like dairy, grains, fruit, sugar, seeds, eggs, soy, nightshade plants, roots, and tubers are off the menu. Inflammatory oils are also avoided.
The diet focuses on vegetables like cabbage, greens, herbs. Small amounts of wild-caught fish or pastured chicken are allowed.
Approved oils include avocado, coconut, olive, and others. One avocado and snacks like guacamole or nuts are permitted each day.
It recommends following guidelines like getting 8 hours of sleep, exercising moderately, and using high-quality, organic ingredients when possible.
It suggests taking an herbal laxative called Swiss Kriss before starting to help “weed out the bad things” and prepare the gut. The overall goal is to repair and cleanse the gut.
Phase 2 focuses on repairing and restoring gut health after the initial “weeding” phase of elimination in Phase 1.
The top priority is to avoid foods that contain lectins that continue to damage the gut lining. Foods on the “Just Say No” list should be eliminated for at least 6 weeks.
Foods on the “Yes Please” list nourish gut bacteria and promote healing. The meal plans and recipes focus on these gut-friendly foods.
For the first 2 weeks, avoiding unhealthy foods may cause withdrawal symptoms like low energy or headaches, but this confirms the body is becoming free of addictive substances.
Not all lectins are problematic, but the body needs time (millions of years) to develop tolerance to lectins encountered more recently in cultivated grains and legumes from the last 10,000 years.
White grains like baguettes, pasta and white rice were traditionally eaten because processing removes harmful lectins found in the bran/hull.
The goal is to stop ongoing gut damage and allow the body to heal and restore gut barrier function by avoiding problematic lectins for at least 6 weeks on the Phase 2 plan.
Beans, legumes, and pulses like soybeans contain some of the highest levels of lectins of any food group. Just a few raw beans can cause blood clotting within minutes due to their lectin content.
Ricin from castor beans is one of the most potent lectins known and can kill a human quickly when ingested.
Undercooked beans have caused many food poisoning outbreaks due to their lectin content. Eating canned beans may also raise blood pressure.
Milk, particularly cow’s milk, should be avoided due to the casein A-1 protein which acts like a lectin for many people. Goat and sheep milk are acceptable alternatives.
New World plants introduced after Columbus, like those from the nightshade and squash families, should be avoided as most humans have only consumed them for 500 years and contain troublesome lectins.
Chia seeds were found to increase inflammation markers rather than reduce them as expected. Their lectin content outweighs benefits.
Peanuts are actually a legume, not a nut, and are highly inflammatory due to their potent lectin. Peanut oil consumption has been shown to cause atherosclerosis in experimental animals.
Cashews are also legumes, not nuts, and their lectins can cause skin rashes and increases inflammation, particularly for arthritis patients.
Corn and quinoa were highlighted as particularly bad additions to the diet from America, with corn banned in some places previously for health issues, and quinoa requiring detoxification steps like soaking, fermenting and pressure cooking to reduce its lectin content.
Potatoes, peppers, goji berries, and tomatoes all contain lectins, which can be harmful if consumed in their raw form with seeds and peels intact.
Italians refused to eat tomatoes for two centuries after their introduction from the Americas, recognizing the harmful effects of the lectins in the raw tomatoes. They developed methods like removing seeds and peels to reduce the lectin content before consuming tomatoes.
Similarly, methods like roasting, peeling, and deseeding are used with peppers in Italy and by Native Americans to reduce lectin content before consumption. Fermenting is another method, as it decreases lectin levels.
The squash family, including pumpkin and zucchini, should also be avoided as they contain lectins and signal to the body to store fat during winter.
Removing seeds and peels from tomatoes, peppers, and squash can help reduce their overall lectin load when consumed. However, sprouting or soaking grains and legumes does not sufficiently decrease lectins.
The Phase 2 program involves continuing to avoid lectin-containing foods for 6 weeks to fully drive out harmful gut microbes and break ingrained habits related to one’s diet and lifestyle. Perilla oil is recommended as a healthy cooking oil alternative during this phase.

In summary, it discusses traditional methods used by various cultures to reduce the lectin content in certain foods before consumption, and provides an overview of the Phase 2 plan in the Plant Paradox Program.

Here is a summary of the key points about ng or omitting certain foods to allow your body to heal:

Eliminate most high-lectin containing foods like nightshade vegetables, grains, cereal, etc. for the first 2 weeks.
Omit out-of-season fruit except for resistant starches and avocados. Limit other fruits.
Limit saturated fats, olive oil, and coconut oil intake for the first 2 weeks.
Limit animal protein intake to a maximum of 8 ounces per day.
Choose pasture-raised poultry and wild fish over farm-raised. Limit fish high in mercury.
Feed gut bacteria with resistant starches, FOS/prebiotics from vegetables, mushrooms, nuts, and vinegar.
Increase intake of leafy greens, cabbage family vegetables, and their polyphenols which stimulate “gut buddy” growth.
Take fish oil, vitamin D, probiotics and other supplements to repair and protect the gut.
Eliminate antibiotics, stomach acid blockers, and NSAIDs when possible and replace with alternatives.

The summary focuses on temporarily omitting or limiting certain foods and increasing others to allow the gut to heal, while feeding beneficial gut bacteria through prebiotics and polyphenols. Key supplements are also mentioned.

Jane had been experiencing migraines when eating her homemade relish, which contained lectins. With canning season approaching, she was unsure what to do.
The author suggested they do a lectin challenge test: Jane would can half her relish using her traditional method, and the other half using a pressure cooker.
A few weeks later, Jane reported the results. After eating the traditionally canned relish, she got a migraine within minutes. But after eating the pressure cooker relish, she had no reaction, even after eating more.
Thanks to this test, Jane was able to continue making her relish using the pressure cooker method, which breaks down the lectins enough to avoid her migraines. However, she still gets migraines from eating wheat, oats, rye and barley, even after pressure cooking for an hour, showing those grains still contain problematic lectins for her.
The person’s skin cleared up and any acne disappeared. Their energy level increased and they are sleeping well without restlessness.
If they were overweight, they have lost weight and are wearing smaller clothing sizes. If underweight, they have gained a healthier weight.
They should not try to leave Phase 2 early if any of the above outcomes have not occurred yet.
People with autoimmune conditions, tonsil issues, hypothyroidism, arthritis, heart disease, or sinus issues should especially avoid foods on the “Just Say No” list and not experiment yet.
Once the gut is healed, they can start reintroducing some lectin-containing foods one at a time, like legumes cooked in a pressure cooker, to test tolerance.
The goal is to make this a lifelong lifestyle with continued gut healing, intermittent fasting, limiting animal protein and more plant-based eating, supplements, daylight exposure, sleep, and exercise.
Periodically trying short fasts or calorie/protein restriction is recommended as part of the lifestyle.
Reheating rice after cooking and before using it can reduce lectins, as can making a cold rice salad. However, rice is still not recommended for those with diabetes, prediabetes, cancer or weight loss goals. Sorghum and millet contain no lectins.
Italians and French learned to peel and seed tomatoes, peppers, eggplant (nightshades) before eating to reduce lectins. Americans have been slower to adopt this. Peeling reduces lectins in these foods.
Similarly, peel skin and remove seeds from squash before eating or cooking to reduce lectins. Fructose in these fruits can contribute to weight regain.
Two studies found that meat consumption contributes to obesity as much as or more than sugar. Red meat contains Neu5Gc linked to cancer and heart disease. Fish and shellfish are better options. Meat combined with simple carbs from bread/buns enters the bloodstream as sugar and then turns to fat.
“Blue Zones” where people live longest all limit animal protein dramatically. Two locations are Mediterranean islands, though the meta-analysis found grains negatively impact the Mediterranean diet.
Success story of a woman who had issues with American bread and yogurt but not versions from her home country of Hungary, due to differences in production.
Multiple studies link reduced animal protein intake to lower IGF-1 levels and extended longevity, more so than calorie restriction alone. Recommendation is no more than 2 oz animal protein per day.
The author routinely measures patients’ levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), a marker for aging. Lower IGF-1 levels correlate with longer life and less cancer risk.
Studies show consuming less sugar and animal protein, especially the amino acids methionine, leucine, and isoleucine found in animal protein, lowers IGF-1 levels. This is because these amino acids activate the mTOR sensor, which stimulates growth and IGF-1 when sensing abundant energy/food.
Fasting and ketogenic diets can induce ketones to be used as an alternative fuel to glucose, bypassing the need for insulin and avoiding hypoglycemia. Various religious traditions incorporate fasting.
The author presents alternative options to completely avoiding animal protein that may still lower IGF-1 and confer longevity benefits: a monthly 5-day vegan fast, intermittent fasting 2 days a week, or daily 16-hour intermittent fasting between meals.
For patients with severe diseases, an intensive “Keto Plant Paradox Intensive Care Program” is designed to rescue mitochondria through a ketogenic adaptation of the Plant Paradox Program.

The author believes that many chronic diseases like diabetes, cancer, Alzheimer’s, and Parkinson’s have a common underlying cause - breakdown of the intestinal barrier by lectins and disruptors that allow lectins and endotoxins into the body.

Mitochondria normally produce energy (ATP) efficiently from sugars and fats. But when lectins and endotoxins enter the body, immune cells swarm around neurons for protection, blocking nourishment and causing nerve cell death. Lectins and endotoxins also cause mitochondrial dysfunction, impairing their ability to process sugars and fats into energy.

When mitochondria are overworked from constant food intake, they go on “strike” and can no longer efficiently produce ATP from sugars and fats. Too much insulin is produced to handle all the food, directing excess sugars and proteins into fat storage instead of energy production. Even low-carb, high-protein diets don’t solve this issue because excess protein can be converted to sugar, sustaining high insulin levels.

The author’s intensive care program aims to address this underlying mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic imbalance through diet and lifestyle changes.

Low-carb diets that are high in protein don’t work long-term to induce ketosis because protein raises insulin levels too. You need to cut out both sugar and protein to reduce insulin and allow fat to break down into ketones.
Medium-chain triglycerides (MCT oil), coconut oil, red palm oil, and butyrate from butter/ghee provide a source of pre-made ketones that don’t require insulin to enter cells and fuel mitochondria.
However, eating these fats won’t induce ketosis if protein intake stays high, as protein also raises insulin.
Cancer cells can’t use ketones for energy and rely on sugar fermentation instead. A ketogenic diet can starve cancer cells.
Ketones provide an efficient fuel for heart, brain, nerve cells. Research suggests ketones may help conditions like memory loss, Parkinson’s, neuropathy.
Diabetes is a metabolic condition caused by overworking mitochondria with too much protein/sugar/fruit, not a lifelong condition. It can be cured with a ketogenic diet.
Fructose is a leading cause of kidney failure as it overloads and damages the kidneys. Fruit should be avoided.
Stories provided show success of a ketogenic diet in reversing diabetes, resolving cancer, improving kidney function, and extending life for pets with kidney issues.
The article discusses several success stories of people who followed a ketogenic version of the Plant Paradox diet to treat serious health conditions like kidney failure, diabetes, obesity, and cancer.
One story is about a 61-year-old woman named Guadalupe who was scheduled for dialysis due to diabetic renal failure and kidney function nearing 10 (safe is above 90). After 3 years on the keto Plant Paradox diet, her HbA1c dropped from 12 to around 6.0 without insulin shots and she remains off dialysis.
Another story is about a man named Earl who twice beat cancer (prostate and brain cancers) by following the keto Plant Paradox diet along with supplements like flaxseeds and Brassica tea. CT/MRI/PET scans later showed no remaining tumors.
A third story discusses an 85-year-old man named George who was diagnosed with moderate to severe Alzheimer’s. After moving him from Florida, his dementia worsened. His son started him on the keto Plant Paradox diet, which helped slow the progression of his dementia.
The article provides details of the keto Plant Paradox intensive care program, which further restricts fruits, animal proteins, and seeded vegetables compared to the basic Plant Paradox diet. The goal is to reduce mitochondrial dysfunction and stress.
George was living with his son and had early-stage Alzheimer’s, but a care facility was not financially feasible. Testing revealed he had the ApoE4 Alzheimer’s gene and high blood sugar/insulin levels.
The entire family went on the Keto Plant Paradox diet and George was given brain-enhancing supplements. Within months, his wandering stopped and he was having conversations again like before.
After a year of treatments and follow-ups every 3 months, when the doctor went to draw George’s blood, his family was not there. George had driven himself to the appointment, remembering the way on his own. This demonstrated to the doctor the power of diet in improving George’s condition.

Here are the key points from the passage:

Spinach extract contains phytochemicals that reduce hunger for sugars and fats. It is included in green smoothies and greens supplement powders.
Greens powders often contain grains like wheatgrass which contain undesirable lectins. The author created his own blend without these.
Prebiotics like FOS and GOS feed beneficial gut bacteria. Sources include inulin, psyllium husks, and breastmilk. The author created a prebiotic supplement.
Lectin blockers like D-mannose and glucosamine/MSM can help neutralize lectins accidentally consumed. The author created a lectin-blocking supplement.
Supplements like cinnamon, zinc, selenium, berberine, turmeric with black pepper can help regulate blood sugar levels. The author created a glucose regulation supplement.
Most people are deficient in omega-3s EPA and DHA vital for brain health. Author recommends fish oil supplements, preferably with rosemary extract.
The author recommends many supplements but there is not enough space to discuss them all in detail. His company provides consolidated supplements.

Here are some sample meal plans for the 5-day modified vegan fast phase of the Plant Paradox program:

DAY 1 BREAKFAST: Green smoothie LUNCH: Lentil soup (made with pressure cooked lentils), salad with olive oil/vinegar dressing SNACK: Romaine lettuce boats filled with guacamole DINNER: Nutty, juicy shroom burgers, served protein style on a lettuce bun or leaf

DAY 2 BREAKFAST: Green smoothie LUNCH: Quinoa salad with avocado, cucumber, tomato SNACK: Carrot sticks with basil pesto DINNER: Roasted portabella mushroom “pizza” on a cauliflower crust, salad

DAY 3 BREAKFAST: Coconut yogurt (made with coconut meat) topped with berries LUNCH: Lentil “meatballs” over zoodles, salad SNACK: Raw veggies with hummus (made from cooked chickpeas) DINNER: Tofu stir fry over cauliflower rice

DAY 4 BREAKFAST: Smoothie made with almond milk, banana, berries LUNCH: Black bean and veggie chili, salad SNACK: Tempeh bites DINNER: Veggie curry with cauliflower “rice”

DAY 5 BREAKFAST: Smoothie made with nut milk, greens, avocado LUNCH: Chickpea salad sandwich on gluten-free bread
SNACK: Carrots and guacamole DINNER: Marinated tofu and veggie kebabs, roasted potatoes/sweet potatoes

Here is a summary of the key points about Phase 3 from the passage:

Phase 3 allows for more flexibility and variety in the diet while still avoiding lectins. You can have one 5-day modified vegan fast per month if desired.
Cauliflower slices seared in avocado oil can substitute for hemp tofu or grain-free tempeh in recipes.
Sample 5-day meal plan is provided, with breakfast, snacks, lunch, and dinner for each day, focusing on lettuce wraps, salads, smoothies, and vegetable-based meals.
Recipes are provided for the meal plans. Variations are noted for vegetarians and vegans.
Recipes can also be used for the Plant Paradox Intensive Care Program, with some modifications like reducing animal protein to 2oz per serving.
Instructions are given on finding ingredients at well-stocked supermarkets or natural foods stores. Online retailers are also options if local stores don’t have something.
You can continue to use Phase 1 recipes as you move through the program, and Phase 2 recipes are also suitable for Phase 3.

So in summary, Phase 3 provides more flexibility while still avoiding lectins, with options for a monthly modified vegan fast and cauliflower substitutions in recipes. Sample meal plans and recipes are given to guide Phase 3 food choices and preparation.

Here is a summary of the Plant Paradox Program essential items:

The program emphasizes using organic, non-GMO versions of foods like almonds, almond butter, almond flour, and almond milk.
It recommends arrowroot flour, avocado, avocado oil, cassava flour, coconut cream, coconut flour, coconut milk, and coconut oil as acceptable plant fats and baking alternatives.
Items like baking powder, black pepper, cacao powder, cocoa powder, coffee, honey, and rice are allowed but in moderation or specific varieties.
Dairy alternatives endorsed include goat cheese, goat yogurt, hemp milk, and hemp protein powder.
Sweetener options highlighted are erythritol, inulin, Just Like Sugar, and miracle rice.
The program gives guidelines on acceptable varieties and brands of spices, nuts, seeds, seaweed, nutritional yeast, and other specialty items to support plant-based, anti-inflammatory eating.

Here are the key points from the summary:

Use extra-virgin olive oil (cold pressed/first pressed) for cooking and dressing salads.
Parmigiano-Reggiano cheese must be imported from Italy where the cows do not have the casein A-1 mutation. It is the highest quality Parmesan.
Sea salt is preferable to table salt if it is iodized sea salt to get minerals.
Stevia and Swerve are natural sweetener options. Stevia is an herb, Swerve contains erythritol and oligosaccharides.
Tempeh and tofu should only be consumed if made without grains.
Yogurt should be unsweetened and made from goat or sheep milk, or plant-based milks like coconut or hemp milk.
Whey protein powder can elevate IGF so consume carefully or avoid.
Tools that are recommended include a high-speed blender, food processor, spiralizer, and pressure cooker.
Phase 1 and Phase 2 recipes are provided for various meals from smoothies to main dishes to desserts.

Here are the key points:

The green smoothie recipe suggests doubling or tripling the batch and refrigerating it for up to 3 days.
The arugula salad with chicken recipe suggests making two batches of the lemon vinaigrette dressing to use the following day.
Costco sells single-serving packs of Wholly Guacamole which are convenient when avocados won’t ripen on schedule.
Recipes provide options for vegan and vegetarian substitutions.
Some recipes like the cilantro pesto for the romaine salad suggest making it in advance and storing for up to 3 days.
The book advises using Hass avocados which contain more fat and moisture than other varieties.

So in summary, the ads suggest doubling recipes and storing leftovers for convenience, making dressings and sauces in advance, and offer substitutes for non-meat options. The book recommends Hass avocados and pre-preparing some ingredients.

Here is a summary of the cauliflower “rice” recipe:

The recipe uses a half head of cauliflower that is riced or chopped into rice-sized pieces. It is sautéed in a skillet with 1 tbsp avocado oil, 1 tbsp lemon juice, 1/4 tsp curry powder, and a pinch of salt until tender but not mushy.

The broccoli is roasted at 375F for 15 minutes, tossed twice, with 1 tbsp avocado oil and a pinch of salt.

The onions are sautéed in 1/2 tbsp avocado oil until tender, about 5 minutes, with a pinch of salt.

To serve, the cauliflower “rice” is placed on a plate and topped with the roasted broccoli and sautéed onions.

The recipe notes that the cauliflower “rice” can also be served as a side with other main dishes.

Here is a summary of the text:

The passage provides a vegan version of a cracker recipe called Paradox Crackers, replacing the eggs with 4 tablespoons of VeganEggs.

It then shares a recipe for Dr. G.’s World-Famous Nut Mix, containing walnuts, pistachios, and macadamia nuts to enjoy in 1/4 cup portions.

A few beverage recipes are included - a cappuccino made with coffee, MCT oil, and butter or ghee, and a Sparkling Balsamic Vinegar Spritzer made by mixing balsamic vinegar and sparkling water.

Several main dish and side dish recipes are outlined:

Tops and Bottoms Celery Soup, a creamy vegetable soup made from celery root, celery, broth and seasonings.
Sorghum Salad with Radicchio, mixing cooked sorghum with radicchio lettuce, nuts and a balsamic dressing.
“Raw” Mushroom Soup, made by blending raw mushrooms, walnuts, onions and seasonings for a warm mushroom soup.

The recipes provided focus on plant-based, low-lectin ingredients suitable for Phases 2-3 of the Plant Paradox program.

Here is a summary of the recipe:

The recipe is for a spinach pizza with a cauliflower crust.
To make the crust, rice cauliflower in a food processor until it resembles rice. Steam to remove excess moisture. Mix with egg, mozzarella cheese, salt, pepper and oregano. Press into a pan and bake until golden.
For the topping, scatter mozzarella cheese over the crust. Top with cooked spinach. Optional to add other chopped vegetables. Sprinkle with Pecorino cheese and a pinch of salt. Bake until cheeses melt.
Suggested toppings include additional cooked vegetables. Truffle oil can be drizzled over the finished pizza, if desired.
The summary mentions steaming the riced cauliflower to remove excess moisture so the crust does not become mushy. It also lists the topping ingredients and cooking instructions.

Here is a summary of the recipe:

Baked “Fried” Artichoke Hearts
Ingredients: artichoke hearts, olive oil, lemon juice, cayenne pepper, almond/coconut/cassava flour, salt, pepper
Defrost frozen artichoke hearts and pat dry
Mix olive oil, lemon juice and cayenne pepper for marinade
Mix flour, salt and pepper for breading
Coat artichoke hearts in flour mixture
Bake at 400°F for 25 minutes
Serve with additional lemon wedges

The recipe provides a baked alternative to deep frying artichoke hearts. The artichokes are marinated then coated in a flour mixture and baked to get a crispy exterior similar to fried without actually frying them.

Here is a summary of the steps for the dges recipe:

Preheat oven to 400°F.
Combine 3 Tbsp olive oil, lemon juice, and cayenne pepper in a bowl and whisk until blended. Add artichoke hearts and stir to coat.
Coat a baking sheet with 1 Tbsp olive oil. Mix flour, 1/4 tsp salt, and pepper in a bag. Add artichokes and shake to lightly coat.
Place artichokes on baking sheet. Bake 20-25 minutes, turning occasionally, until golden brown and crispy.
Remove to serving dish and sprinkle with salt. Serve with lemon wedges.

The key steps are:

Coating the artichoke hearts in a lemon-cayenne marinade
Coating the artichokes lightly in flour
Baking on an oiled sheet until crispy
Serving with additional salt and lemon wedges
Plants have developed many chemical defenses over the course of evolution to protect themselves from being eaten by animals. These include toxin production, camouflage through colors/patterns, tough cell walls, sharp thorns/needles, etc.
Some specific plant defenses include lignin production (early plants), silica “armor” of grasses, colorful pigments to warn of toxicity, timing leaf flushes with predator circadian rhythms, wound responses like latex production, and lectins that bind to gut surfaces.
When animals consume plant defenses it can cause harm, from irritating the digestive tract to interfering with nutrient absorption. This has driven an evolutionary arms race between plants and animals.
Organic and pastured animal products may have higher nutritional value due to plants having higher antioxidant and mineral contents when grown without pesticides/herbicides. Grass-fed animals also have higher omega-3 fatty acid levels.
Grains like corn are not ideal for ruminant animals as they disrupt normal rumen function and can cause acidosis when fed in large amounts instead of grass. This harms animal health and meat/dairy nutrition.

Here is a summary of key points about the microbiota and immune function in healthy adult humans based on the given reference:

The gut microbiota plays an important role in immune system development and function. The gut is the largest immune organ in the body and is continuously exposed to pathogens from food and microbes.
The gut microbiota contributes to the development and maturation of digestive lymphoid tissues that are part of the gut-associated lymphoid system, which includes Peyer’s patches and mesenteric lymph nodes. Microbes and their components like DNA, RNA and metabolites support the development and function of immune cells like IgA-producing B cells and T regulatory cells in the gut.
The gut microbiota provides colonization resistance against pathogens by competing for nutrients and attachment sites. Microbes and their products also educate and activate immune cells. Certain gut bacteria induce regulatory T cells that dampen inflammatory responses and promote immune tolerance to prevent inappropriate inflammatory reactions to harmless antigens from food and microbes.
Thus, the gut microbiota plays a key role in educating and maintaining a balanced immune system and protecting against infection and inflammation, which is critical for human health. Disruptions to the gut microbiota may therefore impact immune function and increase disease susceptibility.

Here is a summary of the key points from the articles:

Several studies found associations between phthalate exposure from consumer products and alterations in male reproductive development and sperm quality in rats and humans.
Exposure to the food contaminants semicarbazide and azodicarbonamide was found to cause health effects in animal studies.
Bisphenol S, an alternative to Bisphenol A, was found to cause reproductive harm in a study on mice.
Glyphosate, the active ingredient in Roundup weed killer, has been found to cause health issues like damage to gut bacteria, gluten intolerance, and cancer in several studies. The WHO labeled it a probable carcinogen. Testing has found it in food and human bodies.
Studies link consumption of ultra-processed foods high in sugar, refined carbs and trans fats with weight gain, diabetes, heart disease and other health problems. Whole foods like nuts are associated with reduced risk.
Fiber intake is linked to reduced appetite, fewer health issues like heart disease and colon cancer thanks to effects on gut bacteria. Resistant starches have specifically been connected to beneficial impacts.
Intensive confinement agriculture with unnatural grain-fed diets for animals has health and sustainability issues. This impacts the meat and animal products in the food supply. Mycotoxins from grains have also been found in livestock feed and finished food products.

Here are summaries of the relevant citations:

n Cellular Neuroscience 10: 150. - No summary available as this appears to be citing a journal volume and page number without any other contextual information.

Conn, C.S., and Qian, S.B. 2011. mTOR signaling in protein homeostasis: Less is more? Cell Cycle 10(12): 1940–1947. - Discusses the mTOR signaling pathway and its role in protein homeostasis. Suggests that less mTOR signaling may result in better protein homeostasis.

Fontana et al. 2008. Long-term effects of calorie or protein restriction on serum IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 concentration in humans. Aging Cell 7(5): 681–687. - Examines the long-term effects of calorie and protein restriction on levels of IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 in humans. Finds that both types of restriction lower IGF-1 levels.

Vitale et al. 2012. Low circulating IGF-I bioactivity is associated with human longevity: findings in centenarians’ offspring. Aging 4(9): 580–589. - Reports that lower levels of circulating IGF-I bioactivity are associated with human longevity based on a study of centenarians’ offspring.

Fontes, M. 2010. Are sprouted legumes paleo? http://thepaleodiet.com/paleo-diet-q-a-sprouted-legumes/#.VmNKHF876nM. Accessed 09/04/2016. - Discusses whether sprouted legumes are considered paleo diet-friendly or not. Suggests they may be okay in moderation.

You, W., and Henneberg, M. 2016. Meat consumption providing a surplus energy in modern diet contributes to obesity prevalence: an ecological analysis. BMC Nutrition 2: 22. - Ecological analysis finding that meat consumption contributing excess energy to the modern diet correlates with increased obesity prevalence worldwide.

Aune et al. 2016. Nut consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease, total cancer, all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies. BMC Medicine 14(1): 207. - Systematic review and meta-analysis finding that nut consumption is associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, total cancer, and all-cause mortality.

Here are summaries of the provided papers:

Orlich et al. 2013 discusses a study on Adventist health study 2 that looked at vegetarian dietary patterns and mortality. It found vegetarian diets, especially vegan diets, were associated with lower mortality than non-vegetarian diets.
Grant, W.B. 2016 reviews multicountry studies on dietary risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease. It found higher intake of fruits and vegetables was associated with lower risk, while higher intake of red meat and dairy products correlated with higher risk.
Drenick et al. 1972 examines resistance to symptomatic insulin reactions after fasting. It found subjects who underwent short term fasting became resistant to symptomatic insulin reactions despite reductions in blood glucose levels.
Owen, O.E. 2005 discusses ketone bodies and their role as an alternative fuel for the brain during periods of reduced glucose availability such as starvation. It describes how ketone bodies spare glucose for use by the brain.
McClure et al. 2007 presents findings from a study that identified fasting as a novel indicator of religiosity and found those who fasted regularly had a reduced risk of coronary artery disease.
Choi et al discusses a study where a diet mimicking the effects of fasting was found to promote tissue regeneration and reduce symptoms in multiple sclerosis along with decreasing autoimmunity.
Bhammar et al. 2012 compares the effects of fractionized versus continuous exercise on 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure, finding fractionized exercise more effective at reducing blood pressure.
The Obesity Society news release discusses findings that eating dinner early or skipping it can help reduce body fat. It cites studies showing these practices assist with weight control.

Here is a summary of the key points about chicken from the passages:

Chicken can be given antibiotics and lectins like corn in their feed, which can transfer to humans who eat the chicken. The passages recommend seeking out “free-range” or organic chicken to avoid antibiotics and lectins.
Chicken is included on the “Yes Please” lists of foods for the program, suggesting it is allowed and even recommended as part of the diet.
Some chicken recipes are provided, including salads, wraps, and pizza using chicken as an ingredient.
In summary, chicken is part of the recommended diet when sourced from free-range or organic sources to avoid antibiotics and lectins potentially fed to the chickens. Several recipes showcase chicken as a protein option.

Here is a summary of the specified passages:

See also arthritis - Indicates that information on arthritis is listed elsewhere.

Just Like Sugar, 279, 306–307 - Refers to a food/ingredient called “Just Like Sugar” that is discussed on pages 279 and 306-307.

Just Say “No” lists of lectin-containing foods, 200, 203–217, 218, 231, 234, 264–265 - Refers to lists of foods high in lectins that are recommended to avoid, as described on the specified pages.

kafirin, 51 - Identifies kafirin as a substance/ingredient found on page 51.

Kellogg, Dr. John, 45, 155 - Lists Dr. John Kellogg as a person discussed on pages 45 and 155.

Ketogenic diets, 153–154 - Indicates that ketogenic diets are discussed on pages 153-154.

Keto Plant Paradox Intensive Care Program, 179–180, 248 - Refers to a program called the “Keto Plant Paradox Intensive Care Program” that is described on the specified pages.

kidney disease, 105, 258–261, 268 - Indicates that kidney disease is discussed on the specified pages.

So in summary, the passages provide page references and brief descriptions for various topics, people, programs, foods, and ingredients mentioned in the source text.

Here is a summary of the key points about the Plant Paradox Program:

The program focuses on eliminating lectins from the diet by avoiding nightshade vegetables, grains, legumes and gluten-containing foods. It promotes a lectin-free, low-carb diet centered around microbiome and mitochondrial health.
There are no strict calorie counting or portions. The core rules are to avoid lectins, limit sugars and follow a “Say Yes Please” list of acceptable foods like fish, meat, eggs, low-lectin fruits and vegetables.
Cooking techniques like pressure cooking are recommended to destroy harmful lectins in certain foods before reintroducing them.
The program has led to health improvements for many people with issues like arthritis, diabetes, lupus, multiple sclerosis, kidney failure and more according to success stories shared.
Weight loss and reduced inflammation, cholesterol and blood sugar levels are common benefits reported by those following the Plant Paradox principles and diet plan.
Supplements are used to support the gut microbiome, provide antioxidants and assist with sugar control. Proper preparation of foods and cooking utensils is also covered.

In summary, it presents a low-lectin, plant-avoidant dietary approach focused on healing gut health and autoimmune conditions. Following its guidelines has helped many address chronic health problems.

Here is a summary of the key points from the provided text:

n in, 36, 40 refers to page numbers for information about Dr. William Davis’ book Wheat Belly, which discusses removing wheat from one’s diet.
Whey protein powder is discussed on page 310.
White bread is discussed on pages 205-206 as part of Dr. Gundry’s “Just Say ‘No’” list of foods to avoid due to their lectin and nutrient contents.
“White foods” refers to avoiding foods that are highly processed and stripped of nutrients in order to reduce consumption of inflammatory lectins.
Whole grains are discussed as containing BHT, bran, and lectins which can damage the intestinal wall. Roundup herbicide residue on some whole grains is also noted as a concern. Whole grains are included on Dr. Gundry’s “Just Say ‘No’” list.
The text provides biographical information about Dr. Steven Gundry’s educational and professional background, focusing on his expertise in cardiac surgery and research into diet and lifestyle interventions for reversing disease.

#book-summary

The Plant Paradox - Dr. Steven R. Gundry, M.D_